Modern China (1989) 15(4): 419-462.

Some leading anarchists participated in 1927-28 in Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Party. The founding of a National Labor University to train people in agriculture, industry, and the social sciences, the use of Sun Yat Sen’s "Three Principles of the People" opened them to critiques by their comrades. This internal division weakened the anarchist movement and facilitated its suppression.